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糖尿病是常见的内分泌疾病,可分为胰岛素依赖型(1型,β细胞破坏,胰岛素绝对缺乏),非胰岛素依赖型(2型,胰岛素抵抗为主,伴胰岛素相对缺乏至以胰岛素分泌缺陷为主,伴或不伴胰岛素抵抗),妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)[妊娠期间发生或发现的任何程度的糖耐量异常(i mpaired glucose tolerance,IGT)]和其他特殊类型糖尿病(由基因缺陷、胰腺外分泌疾病、其他内分泌疾病、药物及化学制剂、感染等所致)。近年来,随着生活方式改变和人口老龄化进程加速,糖尿病患病率呈快速上升趋势,成为继心脑血管疾病、肿瘤之后的另一个严重危害个体健康的慢性非传染性疾病。孕妇患糖尿病可致流产、早产和先天畸形等一系列的不良妊娠结局,严重影响患者身心健康,并给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重负担。通过孕前医学检查和咨询指导,可改善妊娠期糖尿病患者的妊娠结局,预防先天畸形儿发生。
Diabetes is a common endocrine disease and can be divided into insulin-dependent (type 1, beta cell destruction, absolute lack of insulin), non-insulin-dependent (type 2, insulin resistance-based, with a relative lack of insulin to the main insulin secretion defects With or without insulin resistance), gestational diabetes mellitus ([any degree of IGT] that occurs or is detected during pregnancy), and other specific types of diabetes (caused by genetic defects , Pancreatic exocrine disease, other endocrine diseases, drugs and chemical agents, infections, etc.). In recent years, with the change of life style and the acceleration of population aging, the prevalence of diabetes shows a rapid upward trend and becomes another chronic non-communicable disease following cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which seriously endangers the health of individuals. Pregnant women suffering from diabetes mellitus can cause abortion, premature birth and congenital malformations and a series of adverse pregnancy outcomes, seriously affecting their physical and mental health, and to individuals, families and society a heavy burden. By pre-pregnancy medical examination and counseling, can improve gestational diabetes in patients with gestational outcomes, prevention of congenital malformation children.