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目的了解有色金属冶炼厂周围镉污染现状,评估调查区居民镉暴露致癌风险。方法对湖北某有色金属冶炼厂周围地区多种环境介质[土壤、地下水、大气及农作物((蔬菜和大米)]进行采样,分析其中镉(Cd)含量,利用美国EPA致癌风险评估模型评估研究调查区居民经多种途径接触多种环境介质引起的Cd的致癌暴露剂量和致癌风险。结果调查区土壤、大气及农作物均存在镉污染,蔬菜和大米中镉的平均含量分别为我国食品中污染物限量标准的14倍和5倍,土壤中镉均不同程度超标,大气中镉含量均高于国内外其他地区的调查结果。镉经所有暴露途径总致癌风险高达2.2×10~(-3),远高于国内外所规定的可接受致癌风险水平;致癌贡献率分析结果表明蔬菜和大米是该地区最主要的镉致癌风险来源。结论有色金属冶炼厂周围调查区域环境受到了不同程度的镉污染,且对居民的健康存在风险。
Objective To understand the status of cadmium pollution around the non-ferrous smelters and evaluate the carcinogenic risk of cadmium exposure in the survey area. Methods A variety of environmental media [soil, groundwater, atmosphere and crops (vegetables and rice)] were sampled from a non-ferrous metal smelter in Hubei Province to analyze the cadmium (Cd) content. In the survey area, cadmium pollution was found in soils, air and crops, and the average content of cadmium in vegetables and rice was the highest in China’s food contaminants 14 times and 5 times of the standard limit, the levels of cadmium in the soil exceeded the standard, and the content of cadmium in the atmosphere was higher than the survey results in other areas at home and abroad. The total carcinogenic risk of cadmium through all exposure routes was as high as 2.2 × 10 -3, Far higher than the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk both at home and abroad.The results of carcinogenic contribution rate showed that vegetables and rice were the most important sources of carcinogenic risk of cadmium in the area.Conclusion The surveyed environment around the non-ferrous metal smelter is subject to different levels of cadmium pollution , And there is a risk to the health of residents.