三分之一的脑卒中患者遗留有失语症，言语交流困难作为失语症患者最普遍的临床表现，将导致患者产生情绪障碍、交流参与减少甚至生活质量降低。与痴呆患者不同，卒中后失语患者对于已经获得的语义知识仍有能力进行辨别认知，但与正常人相比，无法进行随意提取、正确命名。已有研究证明在言语治疗中，语义治疗与语音治疗相比具有更长的疗效维持时间。其中，语义特征分析疗法已经得到了广泛的临床应用，并取得了良好的行为学治疗效果。但是，受损脑区的功能是否重塑仍未可知。探索大脑的语义处理过程，需要明确是“什么”类别的语义特征产生激活，在“哪里”可见激活中心及相关活动，“何时”产生活动并通过描述时间顺序，对“如何”进行处理产生影响。文章为了明确具有特定语义特征的训练素材其治疗效果在神经影像学方面的证据，综述了语义特征在空间、时间、频率关系上对大脑功能活动的影响，并对临床及研究前景进行展望。“,”Approximately a third of stroke patients have aphasia.As the most common clinical manifestation of aphasia patients, speech communication difficulties will lead to emotional disorders, reduce communication participation and even reduce quality of life. Distinct from dementia patients, aphasia patients after stroke are still able to discriminate and recognize the acquired semantic knowledge but cannot extract randomly and name correctly compared with healthy people. It has been proved that semantic treatment can maintain a longer duration of efficacy than phonological treatment in speech therapy. Semantic feature analysis therapy has been widely used in clinical practice and achieved good behavioral therapeutic effects. However it remains unknown whether the impaired brain function will be restored. To explore the semantic processing of human brain, it is necessary to identify “ what” category of semantic features have been activated, “ where” the activation center and related activities can be seen, “ when” generates activities and affect “ how” processing by describing the time sequence. In order to explore the neuroimaging therapeutic effects of training materials with specific semantic features, the paper reviews the influence of semantic features in spatial, temporal and frequency relationships on the brain functional activity, and prospect the future research and clinical application.