Objective: This study was performed to evaluate whether implantation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) would reduce left ventricular remodelling from the molecular mechanisms compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) perindopril into ischemic myocardium after acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups: control, MSC, ACEI, MSC+ACEI groups. Bone marrow stem cell derived rat was injected immediately into a zone made ischemic by coronary artery ligation in MSC group and MSC+ACEI group. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into control group. Perindopril was administered p.o. to ACEI group and MSC+ACEI group. Six weeks after implantation, the rats were killed and heart sample was collected. Fibrillar collagen was observed by meliorative Masson’s trichome stain. Western Blotting was employed to evaluate the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in infarction zone. The transcriptional level of MMP2, MMP9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in infarction area was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis. Results: The fibrillar collagen area, the protein expression of MMP2, MMP9 and the transcriptional level of MMP2, MMP9 mRNA in infarction zone reduced in MSC group, ACEI group, and MSC+ACEI group. No significant difference was detected in the expression of TIMP1 mRNA among the 4 groups. Conclusion: Both MSC and ACEI could reduce infarction remodelling by altering collagen metabolism. Objective: This study was performed to evaluate whether implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) would reduce left ventricular remodeling from the molecular mechanisms compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) perindopril into ischemic myocardium after acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Forty rats were Bone marrow stem cell derived rat was injected immediately into a zone made ischemic by coronary artery ligation in MSC group and MSC + ACEI group. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) Six weeks after implantation, the rats were killed and the heart sample was collected. Fibrillar collagen was observed by meliorative Masson’s trichome stain. Western Blotting was employed to evaluate the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 in infarction zone. The transcript ional level of MMP2, MMP9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1 in infarction area was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Results: The fibrillar collagen area, the protein expression of MMP2, MMP9 and the transcriptional level of MMP2, MMP9 mRNA in infarction zone reduced in MSC group, ACEI group, and MSC + ACEI group. No significant difference was detected in the expression of TIMP1 mRNA among the 4 groups. Conclusion: Both MSC and ACEI could reduce infarction remodeling by altering collagen metabolism