声子是半导体材料中热能的主要载体。通过对声子调控的深入研究,人们可以为微纳电子器件散热和热能转换提供有效的解决方案。文章介绍了热能调控声子学元器件的研究进展,重点阐述了理论上如何利用微纳米结构材料构建声子学基本单元——热二极管/热整流器。此外,文章还介绍了该领域的关键测量技术和实验进展,包括热整流器和热存储器的设计与实现。最后对声子学研究的发展趋势进行了展望,并提出了存在的困难和挑战。 Phonons are the main carriers of thermal energy in semiconductor materials. Through in-depth study of phonon regulation, one can provide an effective solution for the heat dissipation and thermal energy conversion of micro and nano electronic devices. In this paper, the research progress of thermal regulation phonon components is introduced, and the basic unit of phonon - the thermal diode / thermal rectifier - is theoretically constructed. In addition, the article introduces the key measurement techniques and experimental progress in this area, including the design and implementation of thermal rectifiers and thermal storage. Finally, the development trend of phonon research is prospected, and the existing difficulties and challenges are put forward.