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中药材是中医药事业传承和发展的物质基础,灵芝是中国传统的中药材。该文通过改进的层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)对灵芝质量安全进行综合评价,为灵芝种植“安全有效、质量可控”提供借鉴。根据中药材质量安全标准,基于样本波动大小和改进的AHP法,计算得到灵芝子实体质量安全指标(多糖、Pb、As、Hg、Cd)的权重;应用AHP综合加权指数法对关键生长期(4层、5层、6层)、典型种植区域(武夷山、长白山、大别山)灵芝子实体质量安全指标风险水平进行评价,并与目前广泛应用的内梅罗指数法计算得到的综合风险指数进行对比。结果表明:灵芝多糖、Pb、As、Hg、Cd等5种质量安全指标单项风险指数大致规律为:Cd>Hg>多糖>As>Pb,均低于中药材质量安全风险水平。改进AHP法得到灵芝质量安全风险指数范围是0.2376~0.7598,小于1,为安全级,内梅罗法得到的风险指数范围是0.2579~0.7292,也为安全级,2种方法比较总体差别不太明显,分析认为质量安全指标权重大的指标多糖、Hg、Cd,其单项风险指数也大。为了进一步对比2种方法优劣,将单项风险指数较大、权重较大的质量安全指标Hg、Cd分别跟单项风险指数较小、权重较小的质量安全指标Pb、As调换,对人体危害较大的质量安全指标Hg和Cd单项风险指数降低,对人体危害较小的Pb和As单项风险指数升高,结果显示综合质量安全风险指数显著降低,降低幅度达68.03%,采用改进AHP的加权综合指数法比内梅罗指数法更能准确反映灵芝质量安全风险状况。该研究不仅对灵芝质量安全评价具有较高借鉴价值,也为灵芝种植“产前、产中、产后”全程控制提供支撑。
Chinese herbal medicine is the material basis for the inheritance and development of Chinese medicine. Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine in China. This paper evaluates the quality and safety of Ganoderma lucidum synthetically through the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which provides a reference for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, which is safe, effective and quality controllable. According to the quality and safety standards of Chinese herbal medicines, the weight of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body mass safety index (polysaccharides, Pb, As, Hg, Cd) was calculated based on the sample fluctuation and the improved AHP method. The application of AHP integrated weighting index 4th, 5th and 6th floors), and the typical planting areas (Wuyishan, Changbai Mountain and Dabieshan), and compared with the comprehensive risk index calculated by Nemero’s index method, which is widely used at present . The results showed that the individual risk index of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Pb, As, Hg, Cd and other five kinds of quality and safety indexes were: Cd> Hg> polysaccharide> As> Pb, which were all lower than the quality and safety risk of Chinese herbal medicines. The improvement of AHP method to obtain Ganoderma lucidum quality and safety risk index range of 0.2376 ~ 0.7598, less than 1, for the safety level, Nemerow risk index range of 0.2579 ~ 0.7292, but also for the safety level, the two methods are less obvious overall differences , Analysis of indicators of quality and safety indicators of heavy indicators of polysaccharides, Hg, Cd, the individual risk index is also large. In order to further contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, the quality index Hg and Cd with larger individual risk index and larger weight are respectively exchanged with Pb and As with smaller individual weight index and smaller weight, which are harmful to the human body The bigger single index of quality safety index Hg and Cd is lower, and the single risk index of Pb and As which is less harmful to human body is higher. The result shows that the comprehensive quality and safety risk index decreases significantly with a reduction of 68.03% Comprehensive index method than the Neimeiro index method can more accurately reflect the quality and safety of Ganoderma lucidum status. The study not only has high reference value for Ganoderma lucidum quality and safety evaluation, but also provides support for the whole process of Ganoderma lucidum planting “prenatal, intrapartum, postpartum ”.