《毛诗序》的《大序》与《小序》是一个完整的阐释系统,其中《大序》是对《小序》内容的概括,《小序》是对《大序》思想的展开,二者的阐释宗旨则是《诗》的政教寓意。由于诗歌创作动因与《毛诗序》阐释宗旨之间所存在的不同关系,《国风》与《小雅》之序多与诗本义不合,而《大雅》与《颂》之序则多与诗本义相符。《毛诗序》对汉唐《诗经》学的发展产生了深刻的影响,《毛传》、《郑笺》与《正义》均是在继承其解诗传统的基础上通过望文生义、重重比附的解诗方式与“兴”法的引入而建立了“以序说诗”的阐释体系。这一阐释体系对后世《诗经》学的发展带来了严重的桎梏,其流弊影响至今。就探索《诗经》阐释新途径而言,对《国风》与《小雅》的绝大多数诗篇,应摆脱“以序说诗”的阐释模式,从抒情主体的立场来解诗本义;而对《大雅》与《颂》的绝大多数诗篇,则应以序义为据来求诗本义。 “Preface” and “Preface” of Mao’s Preface are a complete explanation system, in which “Preface” is the generalization of “Preface”, “Preface” is the expansion of “Preface” , The purpose of the interpretation of the two is the political meaning of “poem”. Due to the different relationship between the motivation of poem creation and the purpose of the explanation of Mao Shi Xu, the order of “Guofeng” and “Xiaoya” is different from that of poem, while the order of “Da Ya” and “Song” The original meaning of the poem. Mao’s Preface exerted a profound influence on the development of the study of the Book of Songs in the Han and Tang dynasties. Maozhuan, Zhengjian and Justice all inherited the tradition of interpreting poems, The Explanation of Poetry and the Introduction of “Xing” Law and the Establishment of “Interpretation of Poetry in Preface”. This system of explanation has brought grave misunderstandings to the development of the study of the Book of Songs in the future, and its abuses have affected so far. To explore a new way of interpreting The Book of Songs, most of the poems of the “Guofeng” and “Xiaoya” should get rid of the interpretative mode of “Preface to Poetry”, and understand the meaning of the poem from the standpoint of the lyric subject ; While the vast majority of Psalms of the Daya and Ode, the original meaning of the verse should be based on the prefaces.