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车辆在公路桥梁上的出现是一个随机过程,而基于可靠度理论的桥梁设计及评估工作就要求视车辆荷载为随机过程来获取其统计参数,进而估算桥梁基准期内的最大荷载效应。在无法获得桥梁设计及评估基准期内的车辆数据时,就需要利用数理统计方法,通过短时段内的车辆数据计算并外推得到基准期内的荷载效应。该研究以极值理论为基础,利用实测WIM数据提出了车辆荷载效应外推计算方法,并建立了误差检验指标。该方法显著降低了数据采集时长,从数学角度有效缩短了荷载的理论外推长度。通过对误差检验指标的计算,结果表明该方法外推结果与实测结果十分接近,比其他方法具有更小的相对误差,故可为桥梁设计及实际评估工作提供有益的参考。
The appearance of vehicles on a highway bridge is a random process. However, the design and evaluation of bridges based on the reliability theory require that the vehicle load be a stochastic process to obtain the statistical parameters and then estimate the maximum load effect during the bridge reference period. When it is not possible to obtain the vehicle data of the bridge design and assessment reference period, mathematical statistics are needed to calculate and extrapolate the load effect in the reference period through the vehicle data in a short period of time. Based on the extreme value theory, this study proposed the extrapolation calculation method of vehicle load effect by using the measured WIM data and established the error test index. The method significantly reduces the data acquisition time, and effectively shortens the theoretical extrapolation length of the load from a mathematical point of view. Through the calculation of the error test index, the result shows that the extrapolation result of this method is very close to the measured result and has smaller relative error than other methods, so it can provide useful reference for the bridge design and actual evaluation.