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目的了解和掌握宁夏永宁县40岁以上居民脑卒中患病率、高危人群分布及卒中危险因素,为脑卒中预防和干预提供依据。方法采用随机分层整群抽样对3个乡镇、2个社区≥40岁常住居民4 221人进行调查,采用现况研究方法对该地区脑卒中现患率和危险因素进行描述和分析。结果永宁县居民脑卒中患病率为5.03%,男女患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而高危人群比例则男性高于女性(P<0.05);卒中患病率与高、中危人群比例随着年龄的增长而升高,回族居民卒中患病率及高危人群比例均低于汉族(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,脑卒中发病的危险因素有年龄、民族、颈动脉内膜增厚或斑块、既往短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、高血压等,经常体育锻炼为保护性因素。结论永宁县居民脑卒中患病率高,年龄、卒中家族史阳性及既往TIA发作是脑卒中最显著的危险因素,本地回族脑座中患者率低于汉族可能与其良好的饮食、生活方式有关。适当加强体育锻炼对降低脑卒中发病有重要意义。
Objective To understand and grasp the prevalence of stroke, the distribution of high risk population and the risk factors of stroke in residents over 40 years old in Yongning County, Ningxia Province, and provide the basis for prevention and intervention of stroke. Methods Random stratified cluster sampling was used to survey 4 221 persons in 3 townships and 2 common residents ≥40 years of age. Current prevalence study methods were used to describe and analyze the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in this area. Results The prevalence rate of stroke was 5.03% in Yongning residents. There was no significant difference between male and female prevalence (P> 0.05), while the proportion of high risk group was higher than that of female (P <0.05) The proportion of middle-aged people increased with age, and the prevalence of stroke and the proportion of high-risk groups were lower in Han residents (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of stroke were age, nationality, carotid artery intima thickening or plaque, previous transient ischemic attack (TIA), hypertension and so on. Regular physical exercises were protective factors. Conclusion The prevalence of stroke, age, positive family history of stroke and past TIA episode are the most significant risk factors for stroke in residents of Yongning County. The prevalence of brain injury in local Hui nationality patients is lower than that of Han people, which may be related to their good diet and lifestyle. Appropriate to strengthen physical exercise to reduce the incidence of stroke is of great significance.