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p16基因为一肿瘤抑制基因.1993年Serrano等首先克隆了p16的载体DNA(cDNA),并对其表达产物p16~(INK4)蛋白进行了分析.p16的cDNA分析表明,该基因编码一个含148个氨基酸残基分子量的15.85KD的蛋白质,称p16~(INK4).功能上p16~(INK4)能与CDK_4特异性结合,从而抑制Cyclin/CDK4激酶的活性.Kamb等研究了各型肿瘤与人类染色体9p21,从9p21上克隆出了基因MTS_1,其含1个307bp的序列,与Serrano测定的p16编码序列一致,MTS_1的全部序列是在p16cDNA上增加两个内含子,从而分隔成3个外显子:①外显子1含126bp;②外显子2含307bp;③外显子3含11bp.可见,抑癌基因p16定位于染色体9p21,同时还发现此区带存在1个与MTS_1第2个外显子高度同源的DNA序列,命名为MTS_2推测可能存在一个包括多个抑癌基因的p16家族.
p16 gene was a tumor suppressor gene.In 1993, Serrano et al first cloned p16 vector DNA (cDNA) and analyzed its expression product p16 ~ (INK4) protein.p16 cDNA analysis showed that the gene encoding a containing 148 A protein of 15.85 kD in molecular weight, named p16 ~ (INK4), functionally binds CDK_4 specifically, thereby inhibiting the activity of Cyclin / CDK4 kinase. Kamb et al. Studied various types of tumors and human Chromosome 9p21, cloned from 9p21 gene MTS_1, which contains a 307bp sequence, consistent with the determination of Serrano p16 coding sequence, the entire sequence of MTS_1 p16cDNA is increased by two introns, which is divided into three outside Exon 1: Exon 1 contains 126bp; Exon 2 contains 307bp; Exon 3 contains 11bp. It can be seen that the tumor suppressor gene p16 is located on chromosome 9p21, and at the same time, it is also found that there is a region with MTS_1 Two exon highly homologous DNA sequences, named MTS_2 speculated that there may be a p16 family including multiple tumor suppressor genes.