在中医的医疗、科研工作中,中药质量是一个较常出现的因素。它直接影响医疗、科研工作的效果,又是科研结论不能重复的原因之一,应引起充分注意。历代医家对药物品种的差误,早就引起注意。如宋代科学家沈括说:“况药之所生,秦、越、燕、楚之相远,而又有山泽、膏瘠、燥湿之异禀。”还说:“(药)取之有早晚、藏之(日良)烘;风雨燥湿,动有搞暴。今之处药者,或有恶火,必日之而后咀,然安知采收之家不常烘煜哉?”这里指出药物产地、采收时间,加工,可能引起的误差。至于药物的煎煮,沈括说:“药有可以久煮,有不可以久煮者,有宜炽火,有宜温火者……”。现就药物质量问题逐类举例讨论。一、药物品种:药材市场上流通的同名异物,时有发现。例如细辛,按药典记载,仅有马兜铃科的北细辛、汉城细辛、华细辛三种。但在药材供不 In the medical and scientific research work of traditional Chinese medicine, the quality of Chinese medicine is a relatively common factor. It has a direct impact on the effectiveness of medical and scientific research work. It is also one of the reasons why scientific research conclusions cannot be repeated and should be given full attention. The doctors’ misunderstandings about drug varieties have long attracted attention. For example, Shen Kuo, a scientist of the Song Dynasty, said: “The condition of the drug is born, and Qin, Yue, Yan, and Chu are far apart, but there are mountains, urns, and dampness.” He added: “(Medicine) is taken from it. In the morning and evening, the Tibetan (Jilang) bake is done; the weather is damp and damp, and there is violence. Now that the medicine is administered, there may be evil fire and it will happen afterwards. But how can the harvested house be baked? Here, the origin of the drug, the harvest time, processing, and the possible errors may be pointed out. As for the decoction of the drug, Shen Kuo said: “The medicine can be cooked for a long time. There are people who can not cook for a long time, there should be flaming fire, and there should be warm fire...”. Examples are discussed on a case-by-case basis for drug quality issues. First, the variety of drugs: medicinal materials in the market name of the same name, found. For example, asarum, according to Pharmacopoeia records, only Aristolochiae North Asarum, Seoul Asarum, and Hua Xixin three. But in the supply of herbs