梯度折射率(下面简称梯折)光学,是近些年来引人注目的一门光学分支学科.它的发展已有一百多年的历史.Maxwell鱼睛透镜、Wood透镜、Luneburg透镜以及梯折透镜的研制成功都是梯折光学发展史上的重要里程碑.然而只有在近十几年来,随着计算机科学的发展;像差理论和计算方法的不断完善;梯折材料的研制成功以及测试方法的改进等,梯折光学才有可能在实际上有所应用.1979年美国召开了第一次梯折光学及其材料的专题会议,以后几乎每隔1—2年召开一次.使该课题成为国际上引人注目的一门光学分支学科.七十年代,中科院西安光机所在龚祖同教授和薛鸣球教授等的领导下开展的有关研究课题已取得了很大的成就,使梯折棒透镜在光纤通讯中开始实际应用.八十年代中,上海光学仪器研究所在庄松林研究员的领导下,进行了梯度折射率材料及其应用的研究,经过几年的努力,在材料的梯度深度和梯度大小方面取得了可喜的进展,并对光线在梯折介质中的传 Gradient refractive index (hereinafter referred to as the “ladder fold”) optics, is an optical branch in recent years attracted the attention of its development has been a hundred years of history.Maxwell fish lens, Wood lens, Luneburg lens and ladder fold The successful development of the lens is an important milestone in the history of staircase optics development.However, in recent ten years, with the development of computer science, the continuous improvement of aberration theory and calculation method, the successful development of ladder material and the testing method Improvement, etc., ladder refractive optics may actually have some applications in 1979 the United States held its first staircase optics and its materials conference, held almost every 1-2 years to make the issue of international In the seventies, Xi’an Institute of Light Engineers, Professor Gong Zutong and Professor Xue Mingqiu under the leadership of the relevant research projects have been made great achievements, so that the ladder rod lens in the optical fiber communication In the 80’s, Shanghai Optical Instrument Institute under the leadership of Dr. Zhuang Songlin, conducted a study of gradient index materials and their applications, after several years of Force, made encouraging progress in the gradient magnitude and a gradient of the depth of the material, and the light transmission medium in the folded ladder