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“社会主义”、“资本主义”和“市场经济”这三个重要的经济哲学范畴间的关系不易讲清,其中一个主要障碍性因素是社会主义建设尚未得到充分发展。亚里士多德的“四因说”对于探讨三个范畴的关系可资借鉴,据之社会主义和资本主义系不同的目的因,市场经济是形式因;作为形式因的市场经济分别为作为目的因的社会主义和资本主义服务。从根本上讲,资本主义以资本家的资本利润无限最大化为旨归,社会主义应当以广大人民群众的普遍幸福为目标,两种目的因在实质上的差异决定了为之服务的形式因市场经济在运作机制、利益主体、服务对象等方面也应有所不同。因此,还是会有社会主义市场经济模式与资本主义市场经济模式的区分。从现实表象上看,由于社会主义与资本主义作为社会形态都需要发展市场经济,况且资本主义与社会主义两种目的因之间存在着激烈的碰撞。这在一定程度上为解答市场经济形式因如何为社会主义目的因服务,即如何为市场在社会主义经济建设中角色定位的问题带来了诸多不确定性因素,或者说,干扰因素。
The relationship between the three important economic philosophical categories such as “socialism”, “capitalism” and “market economy” is not easy to clarify. One of the major obstacles is that socialist construction has not yet been fully developed. Aristotle “Four causes ” for exploring the relationship between the three categories can learn from, according to the different purposes of socialism and capitalism, the market economy is the formal cause; as a form of market economy, respectively For the purpose of socialism and capitalism services. Fundamentally speaking, capitalism regards the unlimited maximization of the capitalist capital as a goal, and socialism should aim at the general well-being of the broad masses of the people. The two purposes, due to their substantive differences, determine the forms of service for which they are due to the market The economy should also be different in its operational mechanism, stakeholders, clients and so on. Therefore, there will still be a distinction between the socialist market economy and the capitalist market economy. As a realistic representation, since socialism and capitalism need to develop a market economy as a social form, there is a fierce collision between the two purposes of capitalism and socialism. To a certain extent, this is to answer the question of how the market economy should serve for the purpose of socialism, that is, how to bring about many uncertainties, or disruptive factors, to the market’s role in the socialist economic construction.