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In order to observe the role of calcium ion in apoptosis of MD cancer cells induced by arsenic trioxide, inhibition percentage was detected by MTT assay;morphology changes were examined by fluorescence microscope;apoptosis was examined by DNA Ladder;[Ca2+]i was investigated by spectrofluorimeter in vitro on MDCC-MSB1 cells. The results showed that As2O3 inhibited the proliferation of MDCC-MSB1 cells in concentration dependent manner (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);typical apoptosis character was observed by fluorescence microscope;DNA Ladder was observed;the [Ca2+]i was elevated significantly after the treatment of As203 (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) and showed a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that the calcium may play an important role in apoptosis of MD cancer cells induced by arsenic trioxide.