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缅甸战场是太平洋战争爆发后属于中印缅战区的一个重要战场。1942年5月日军攻占缅甸后,盟军为了恢复中、英、美三国间的海上交通和建立太平洋上的反攻基地,千方百计要收复这块战略要地。但是围绕着反攻缅甸的作战方案,中英美三国却屡争不休,无法统一,直至1943年11月史迪威率领中国驻印军进入缅北发动反攻以后,英中两国才被迫投入兵力参加作战。是何原因?笔者试图从当时中英美三国间军事、政治等方面的关系作一探讨。1 太平洋战争时期中英美三国各自军事战略目标的不一致,是导致反攻缅甸作战方案不统一的重要原因。珍珠港事件的爆发,结束了中国在远东单独抗日的局面,蒋介石不仅认为“日本全力侵华之危机不复存在了”,而且力图利用英美的对日宣战迅速结束抗日战争。1941年12月8日,蒋介石召见了苏、美、英大使,建议中、英、美、荷、澳、加拿大、新西兰成立军事同盟,互订不单独媾和条约,并力促苏联对日宣战。同日,国民党的报纸便开始鼓吹:已经形成的太平洋战场是第二次世界大战的主要战场。12月9日,中国正式对日宣战。10日、11日蒋介石又再次邀集英美等国武官、大使,商讨中、英、
The battlefield in Myanmar is an important battlefield belonging to China, India and Burma after the outbreak of the Pacific War. After the Japanese army captured Burma in May 1942, the Allied Forces restored the strategic base of this strategic area with a view to restoring maritime traffic among China, Britain and the United States and establishing a counter-offensive base on the Pacific. However, around the counter-offensive plan for Burma, the three countries in Britain, the United Kingdom and China continued to struggle and failed to unite until Britain and China were compelled to join forces after Stilwell led the Chinese troops stationed in Burma in November 1943 to launch a counter-offensive Fight. What is the reason? The author attempts to explore the relationship between the military, political and other aspects of the three countries at that time. 1 The inconsistencies between the respective military strategic objectives of the three Anglo-American countries during the Pacific War are the important reasons that led to the unification of the combat programs in Burma. The outbreak of Pearl Harbor brought an end to China’s separate anti-Japanese struggle in the Far East. Chiang Kai-shek not only considered “the crisis of Japan’s full invasion of China ceased to exist,” but also tried to use the Anglo-American war to declare war on Japan to end the war of resistance against Japan. On December 8, 1941, Chiang Kai-shek summoned the ambassadors of the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain and proposed that a military alliance be established with China, Britain, the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, mutually agree on separate treaties and treaties, and urge the Soviet Union to declare war on Japan. On the same day, the Kuomintang newspapers began to preach that the Pacific battlefield that has been formed is the main battlefield of World War II. On December 9, China formally declared war on Japan. On the 10th and 11th, Chiang Kai-shek once again invited ambassadors and ambassadors from Britain, the United States and other countries to discuss issues concerning China, Britain,