一把“知识分子”放在历史语境中理解,它有两个来源:第一个来源于俄文。在19世纪俄国前现代社会,在西方现代化影响下,出现了上流社会知识阶层。他们接受了西方教育,用西方现代价值理念与知识背景来观察俄国社会,对不合理的专制制度具有强烈的批判精神。第二个来源与19世纪末法国“德雷福斯事 A ”intellectual“ is understood in historical context and comes from two sources: the first is from Russian. In the 19th century Russia’s pre-modern society, under the influence of Western modernization, there emerged a high class of intellectuals. They have accepted Western education and observed the Russian society in terms of Western modern values ​​and knowledge, with a strong sense of criticism of the irrational autocracy. The second source and the late 19th century France ”Dreyfus matter