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目的了解淮安市职业暴露人群H5N1禽流感病毒抗体水平和环境中禽流感病毒的分布情况。方法采用血凝抑制试验检测职业暴露人群A(H5N1)血凝素抗体;采用Real-time PCR法对环境标本进行Flu A、H5、H7、H9禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果职业暴露人群240人份血清A(H5N1)抗体均为阴性;环境标本420份禽流感病毒核酸检测A型阳性率为0.71%。城乡活禽市场环境标本的阳性率为2.59%,其他监测场所未检出阳性标本,差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率χ2=5.64,P<0.05),宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面擦拭标本阳性率为13.04%,其他环境标本检测为阴性,差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率χ2=18.03,P<0.01)。结论职业暴露人群血清标本中未检测出A(H5N1)禽流感病毒抗体阳性标本;淮安市监测点环境中存在H5、H9禽流感病毒;禽流感感染风险主要集中在城乡活禽市场。
Objective To understand the antibody levels of H5N1 avian influenza virus among occupationally exposed people in Huai’an and the distribution of avian influenza virus in the environment. Methods The hemagglutinin antibody of A (H5N1) was detected by hemagglutination inhibition test. The nucleic acids of Flu A, H5, H7 and H9 were detected by Real-time PCR in environmental samples. Results The serum A (H5N1) antibodies of 240 people were negative in the occupational exposure group. The positive rate of type A nucleic acid in 420 samples of avian influenza virus in environmental samples was 0.71%. The positive rate of environmental specimens in urban and rural live poultry market was 2.59%, and no positive specimens were detected in other monitoring sites, the difference was statistically significant (Fisher exact probability χ2 = 5.64, P <0.05), slaughtered or placed on the surface wipe specimens The positive rate was 13.04%. Other environmental samples were negative, the difference was statistically significant (Fisher exact probability χ2 = 18.03, P <0.01). Conclusions A (H5N1) antibody against avian influenza A (H5N1) was not found in the serum samples from occupational exposure groups. H5 and H9 avian influenza viruses were present in the monitoring sites of Huai’an. The risk of bird flu infection was mainly concentrated in the urban and rural live poultry markets.