本文着重讨论了抗生素滥用的主要表现、危害、及在儿科的合理使用。目的是提醒临床医生,在抗生素对儿科各系统疾病发挥治疗的同时,若滥用或使用不当会给患者带来潜在的危害,同时引起院内感染。强调必须要以明确的诊断为依据、结合细菌诊断学、药敏试验和患者免疫状态等基础,科学合理的使用抗生素。 This article focuses on the major manifestations of antibiotic abuse, its hazards, and its rational use in pediatrics. The purpose is to remind clinicians, antibiotics play a pediatric system diseases, while abuse or improper use will bring potential harm to patients, and cause nosocomial infections. Emphasis must be based on a clear diagnosis, combined with bacterial diagnostics, drug susceptibility testing and patient immune status based on scientific and rational use of antibiotics.