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紧密连接分子由occludin,claudins和连接黏附分子(JAMs)3种完整的膜蛋白和闭合小环蛋白(ZO-1,ZO-2和ZO-3)等外周胞浆蛋白组成。Claudin蛋白是构成紧密连接的最主要的功能分子,可维持紧密连接特有的栅栏功能和屏障功能。多种信号分子参与了claudins功能的调节。Claudins分布于皮肤、脑、神经系统和内脏组织中,其表达有组织特异性,但大多数组织可表达多种claudin蛋白。Claudin及其结合的蛋白结构改变可导致肿瘤等多种疾病的发生。不同claudins家族成员在不同肿瘤中表达各异,但在恶性肿瘤组织中的表达无论高或低,最终总会引起紧密连接分子的正常结构破坏、生理功能障碍。claudin蛋白可作为不同肿瘤的诊断及治疗的分子标志。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展和对claudin更全面的认识,claudin在疾病的检测、诊断、治疗及预后判断方面中会有一个新的应用前景。
Tight junction molecules consist of three complete membrane proteins of occludin, claudins and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) and peripheral cytoplasmic proteins such as ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3. Claudin protein is the most important functional molecule that forms a tight junction that maintains the barrier and barrier functions that are characteristic of tight junctions. A variety of signaling molecules involved in the regulation of claudins function. Claudins distributed in the skin, brain, nervous system and visceral tissue, the expression of tissue-specific, but most organizations can express a variety of claudin protein. Claudin and its combination of protein structural changes can lead to the occurrence of tumors and other diseases. Different claudins family members express differently in different tumors, but their expression in malignant tumors, whether high or low, eventually leads to the destruction of the normal structure of tightly connected molecules and physiological dysfunction. Claudin protein can be used as a molecular marker for the diagnosis and treatment of different tumors. With the rapid development of molecular biology technology and a more comprehensive understanding of claudin, claudin will have a new application prospect in disease detection, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.