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联合国于2000年制定了千年发展目标(MDGs)。实施至今十余年,MDGs为人类减贫及促进发展事业做出了巨大贡献。但随着2015年最后期限的临近,由于总体进展不乐观、地区发展不平衡、目标进展不一致,包括联合国在内的全球各类组织基本对“MDGs能否按时完成既定目标”持悲观态度。研究认为,一方面MDGs本身设计具有重大缺陷,如发达国家参与动力不足、发展的优先次序被打乱、不平等现象被掩盖、缺乏时间节点及量化指标、重要事项被遗漏、全球目标向国家政策转换不当等。另一方面,全球环境的巨大变化,如人口和移民问题、南方国家的崛起、发展合作实质的改变、不公平现象、全球环境资源面临压力等也导致了MDGs的部分失效。以上不足应当为未来制定新的发展框架提供参考,如为所有的利益相关者提供参与机会、拓宽指标内容、拓宽对“贫困”的定义范围、将项目部分指标量化以促进发达国家做出承诺并履行职责等。
The United Nations established the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000. For more than ten years since its implementation, MDGs have made tremendous contributions to the cause of human poverty reduction and development promotion. However, with the 2015 deadline approaching, due to the overall lack of optimism, imbalanced regional development and inconsistent progress in their goals, all kinds of organizations around the world, including the United Nations, are basically pessimistic about whether MDGs can achieve the set targets on time . The study shows that on the one hand, the design of MDGs itself has major defects. For example, developed countries are not motivated to participate in the development. Their development priorities are disrupted, inequality is covered up, time nodes and quantitative indicators are lacking, important issues are missed, and global targets are shifted to national policies Improper conversion. On the other hand, the great changes in the global environment, such as population and immigration, the rise of southern countries, substantive changes in development cooperation and inequities, and the pressure on global environmental resources have also led to the partial failure of MDGs. The above deficiencies should provide references for the future development of a new development framework such as providing all stakeholders with opportunities for participation, broadening the scope of indicators, broadening the definition of “poverty” and quantifying some of the indicators in the project so as to facilitate the developed countries to make Commitment and fulfillment of duties.