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20世纪末期以来,随着区域协调互动发展战略的实施,中国转移支付日益体现出促进地区财力均等化的政策导向。更均衡的财力分配是否必然以一定的效率损失为代价,是一个重要的理论和现实问题。文章通过一个简单的财政竞争模型,证明了转移支付均等化水平的提高,在一定条件下能降低地方恶性竞争,促进社会福利。在此基础上,运用SVAR模型对中国的情况进行实证检验。结论表明,转移支付均等化状况对地区差距有重要影响,但对经济增长的影响则无论是短期还是长期都不显著。因此,转移支付能促进地区财力均衡目标的追求,并不必然导致效率损失,但却有利于调节地区差距,促进地区均衡发展。因而,应进一步加强相关政策的实施力度。
Since the late 20th century, with the implementation of the strategy of regional coordinated and interactive development, the transfer payment in China has increasingly reflected the policy orientation of promoting the equalization of financial resources in the region. Whether a more balanced distribution of financial resources must be at the expense of a certain efficiency loss is an important theoretical and practical issue. Through a simple financial competition model, the article proves that the transfer payment equalization level can be improved, under certain conditions can reduce local vicious competition and promote social welfare. On this basis, we use SVAR model to test the situation in China. The conclusion shows that the equalization of transfer payments has a significant impact on the regional disparity, but the impact on economic growth is insignificant either in the short-term or the long-term. Therefore, the transfer payment can promote the pursuit of regional financial balance goals, does not necessarily lead to loss of efficiency, but it will help adjust the regional disparities and promote balanced development in the region. Therefore, we should further strengthen the implementation of relevant policies.