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步枪是步兵的基本武器,在20世纪初甚至是战争中的主要武器。20世纪步枪的发展,大致经历了从非自动步枪、半自动步枪、中间口径自动步枪到小口径自动步枪这样一个发展过程。 20世纪的步枪与19世纪相比,发生了巨大的变化:口径由11～15mm减小到5～6mm;枪全长由1200～1300mm缩短到800～1000mm以下;容弹3～5发的弹仓变为20～30发的弹匣;发射方式由单发射击变为半自动、全自动射击或3发点射,射速提高,火力密度加大;随着战术地位的变化,有效射程由1200m降至400m以内;并具备一枪多用功能,既能发射枪榴弹,又能下挂榴弹发射器,等等。
The rifle was the basic weapon of infantry and the main weapon in the early twentieth century and even the war. The development of rifles in the 20th century generally progressed from non-automatic rifles, semi-automatic rifles, intermediate caliber automatic rifles to small-caliber automatic rifles. The 20th century rifle compared with the 19th century, great changes have taken place: the caliber reduced from 11 ~ 15mm to 5 ~ 6mm; gun full length from 1200 ~ 1300mm shortened to 800 ~ 1000mm below; The warehouse into 20 to 30 rounds of the magazine; firing mode from single shooting into semi-automatic, automatic firing or 3-point shooting, firing rate increased firepower density; with the tactical status changes, the effective range from 1200m down To 400m or less; and has multiple functions with one shot, both firing grenades, but also under the grenade launcher, and so on.