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Electro-Slag Remelting(ESR)is a commonly used for the production of high-value-added alloys such as superalloys and specialty steels.In consideration of high trial costs and the complexity of the process,a steady-state numerical model has been developed that accounts for electromagnetic phenomena and coupled heat in an axisymmetrical geometry.The model considers electromagnetic effects and heat transfer.First of all,Maxwell equations are solved to determine the magnetic flux density,current density and Joule heating.Especially,the skin effect is shown and discussed based on numerical results.It is shown that the current density distribution on the external surfaces of slag and ingot.In slag,due to the low electrical conductivity of slag,the current distribution changes,gathering on the end of electrode.Next,Joule heating distribution is calculated by the Joule law.Joule heating is mainly in the slag,because the electrical conductivity in the slag is much lower than that in the electrode and the ingot.The maximum joule heating is below the interface of electrode and slag.
Electro-Slag Remelting (ESR) is a commonly used for the production of high-value-added alloys such as superalloys and specialty steels. In consideration of high trial costs and the complexity of the process, a steady-state numerical model has been developed that accounts for electromagnetic phenomena and coupled heat in an axisymmetrical geometry. The model considers electromagnetic effects and heat transfer. First of all, Maxwell equations are solved to determine the magnetic flux density, current density and Joule heating. Especially, the skin effect is shown and discussed based on numerical results. It is shown that the current density distribution on the external surfaces of slag and ing. In slag, due to the low electrical conductivity of slag, the current distribution changes, gathering on the end of electrode .Next, Joule heating distribution is calculated by the Joule law. Joule heating is mainly in the slag, because the electrical conductivity in the slag is much lower than that in the electrod e and the ingot.The maximum joule heating is below the interface of electrode and slag.