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该文用菊粉、环氧氯丙烷和十二烷基二甲基叔胺为原料合成了一种菊粉季铵盐表面活性剂。考察了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对菊粉季铵盐取代度的影响。最佳反应条件为:n(菊粉)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(十二烷基二甲基叔胺)=1∶3∶3,催化剂硫酸0.6mL(质量分数26%),70℃反应7h,取代度最高达到1.33。该菊粉季铵盐的CMC=2.78×10-4mol/L,γCMC=29.27mN/m,临界溶解温度Krafft点<0℃,质量浓度3g/L时乳化时间为30min,浓度0.01mol/L时的增溶能力为680mL/mol。与其他生物质资源的阳离子衍生物相比,该菊粉季铵盐具有更强的降低表面张力的能力。
In this paper, an inulin quaternary ammonium surfactant was synthesized from inulin, epichlorohydrin and dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine. The effects of molar ratio of raw materials, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction time on the degree of substitution of inulin with quaternary ammonium salt were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: n (inulin): n (epichlorohydrin): n (dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine) = 1: 3: 3; catalyst sulfuric acid 0.6mL (mass fraction 26% 70 ℃ reaction 7h, the highest degree of substitution reached 1.33. CMC of this inulin quaternary ammonium salt was 2.78 × 10-4mol / L, γCMC = 29.27mN / m, the critical solution temperature Krafft was <0 ℃, the emulsifying time was 30min at the concentration of 3g / L and the concentration was 0.01mol / L The solubilization capacity was 680 mL / mol. The inulin quaternary ammonium salt has a stronger ability to reduce surface tension than other biomass derivatives.