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目的探讨新生儿血小板减少症的临床特点。方法对郸城县人民医院确诊的50例新生儿血板减少症患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果新生儿血小板减少症在早产儿、低出生体质量儿中多见。主要病因为感染(32例,占64%),其次为免疫(3例,占6%),先天遗传、其他原因(15例,占28%)。根据病因进行治疗后43例治愈,治愈率为86%。4例因颅内出血、肺出血、弥散性血管内凝血、坏死性小肠结肠炎死亡;3例转院治疗,其中包括2例巨大血管瘤,1例新生儿溶血病。主要临床表现为皮肤的瘀点、瘀斑,消化道出血、脑出血、肺出血等。结论新生儿血小板减少症病因复杂,动态监测血小板,及时处理,防止严重并发症和后遗症发生。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Methods The clinical data of 50 neonates with thrombocytopenia diagnosed in Dancheng People’s Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results Neonatal thrombocytopenia in premature children, low birth weight children more common. The main causes were infection (32 cases, 64%), followed by immunity (3 cases, 6%), congenital hereditary, and other causes (15 cases, 28%). According to the cause of treatment after treatment of 43 cases, the cure rate was 86%. 4 cases died of intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation and necrotizing enterocolitis; 3 cases were transferred to hospital, including 2 cases of giant hemangioma and 1 case of newborn hemolytic disease. The main clinical manifestations of the skin petechia, ecchymosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage and so on. Conclusions The causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia are complex and the platelets are dynamically monitored for timely treatment to prevent serious complications and sequelae.