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地下挖掘是引发我国城市地陷的诱因之一。我国《侵权责任法》确立了地下挖掘致人损害责任制度。该制度顺应了城市地下空间利用的发展趋势,拓宽了受害人的救济渠道。地下挖掘致人损害的责任构成应包括经营者实施地下挖掘活动、他人发生损害和存在因果关系三要件。我国应根据不可抗力所起作用的大小确定免责范围,并适用过失相抵减轻责任。
Underground excavation is one of the inducing causes of urban subsidence in China. China’s “Tort Liability Law” establishes the liability system for underground mining of people’s damage. The system conforms to the development trend of urban underground space utilization and broadens the channel of relief for the victims. The responsibility for underground excavation to cause damage to people should include the following three elements: the underground excavation carried out by operators, the damage done by others and the causal relationship. China should determine the scope of exemption according to the role played by force majeure and apply the principle of negligence to reduce its liability.