黑麦属对丰富小麦的遗传变异和种质资源具有巨大潜力。小麦与黑麦的属间杂交,把带有某些优良性状的黑麦染色体或染色体片断导入小麦,可以根据人们的需要,改良小麦品种,这在育种实践上具有重要意义。随着小麦育种工作的深入,利用小黑麦异代换系、易位系染色体工程进行育种的工作,越来越受到国内外小麦育种工作者的重视,近年来发展较快。小黑麦异代换系、易位系的意义小黑麦异代换系是指小麦的一对染色体被黑麦的一对染色体所取代。用W代表小麦的一条染色体,用R代表黑麦的一条染色体,则小黑麦异代换系的染色体组构型即可表示为40w The genus Rye has great potential for genetic variation and germplasm resources rich in wheat. The cross between the wheat and the rye, leading the rye chromosome or chromosome fragment with some excellent traits into wheat, can improve wheat varieties according to people’s needs, which is of great significance in breeding practice. With the deepening of wheat breeding, more and more attention has been paid to wheat breeding by domestic and foreign wheat breeding workers. Triticale alien substitution lines, the significance of translocation Triticale alien substitution line refers to a pair of chromosomes of wheat is replaced by a pair of chromosomes rye. Using W as a chromosome of wheat and R as a chromosome of rye, the chromosomal configuration of rye substitutional substitution lines can be expressed as 40w