白血病是儿童时期最常见的血液肿瘤,随着包括化疗在内的治疗水平的改进,白血病的治愈率逐年提高。然而,由于化疗药物、激素等的广泛使用,加上患儿本身免疫力低下,继发感染,尤其是院内感染,已经成为儿童白血病最常见和严重的并发症之一,并已成为重要死亡原因。因此,探讨儿童白血病感染的易感因素,临床和病原学特点及治疗措施,对于临床指导用药,更有效地预防、控制感染,挽救患儿生命,提高长期存活率,具有重要意义。 Leukemia is the most common hematologic malignancy in childhood, and the cure rate of leukemia is increasing year by year as the treatment level including chemotherapy is improved. However, due to the widespread use of chemotherapeutic drugs and hormones, and children with low immunity, secondary infection, especially nosocomial infections, has become one of the most common and serious complications of childhood leukemia and has become an important cause of death . Therefore, to explore the susceptibility factors, clinical and etiological characteristics and treatment measures of childhood leukemia infection is of great significance for clinical guidance, more effective prevention and control of infection, saving children’s lives and improving long-term survival rate.