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热液金刚石压腔(HDAC)是专为模拟地壳温压条件下的地质作用而设计的,它尤其适用于观测水或其它流体与地质物质之间的相互作用。HDAC可对-190～1200℃,0～10GPa的热液体系进行实验,并可在实验的温压条件下,用各种先进的光学方法分析样品,更可以把实验的全程录像存档。充满流体的HDAC本身就可当做是一个人工合成的流体包裹体,因此它可以用来研究流体的状态方程和相关系。它又可对其它流体包裹体样品施加外压力,因此在热分析的过程中可免除包裹体的膨胀或爆破的困境。HDAC可应用到颇为宽广的温压范围,它已被广泛地用来观测各种化学体系的临界现象,包括在地质方面特别有用的含水硅酸盐体系。HDAC也可与同步辐射X光源相结合,而取得各种金属或稀土元素水溶液的X射线吸收精细结构(X-ray absorption fine structure;XAFS)光谱,因而对在热液里的金属或稀土元素络合物的组分和结构提供了最基本的资料。然而,X光的强度在透过金刚石时,因绕射和吸收而大大地减弱,因此应用一般的HDAC来获取那些吸收边在10keV以下的元素的XAFS光谱颇为困难。目前已有两种改良式的HDAC解除了这方面的困难,而对在元素周期表上的第一排过渡性金属元素和稀土元素的水溶液,提供清晰的XAFS光谱。这些资料可用来研究金属或稀土元素络合物在地?
The hydrothermal diamond press chamber (HDAC) is designed to simulate the geologic role of the crust under warm and pressure conditions. It is especially suitable for observing the interaction between water or other fluids and geological materials. HDAC can test hydrothermal system of -190 ~ 1200 ℃, 0 ~ 10GPa, and can analyze samples with various advanced optical methods under the temperature and pressure conditions of the experiment. It is also possible to archive the entire experiment. The fluid-filled HDAC itself can be thought of as a synthetic fluid inclusion, so it can be used to study fluid state equations and relationships. In turn, it can apply external pressure to other fluid inclusions so that the thermal expansion of the fluid inclusions can be avoided during thermal analysis. HDAC can be applied to a wide range of temperature and pressure range and it has been widely used to observe the critical phenomena in a variety of chemical systems including the hydrate-silicate system that is particularly useful in geology. HDAC can also be combined with a synchrotron X-ray source to achieve X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra of various metals or rare earth element aqueous solutions, The composition and structure of the compound provide the most basic information. However, the intensity of X-rays is greatly attenuated by diffraction and absorption when passing through diamonds. Therefore, it is quite difficult to apply general HDAC to obtain XAFS spectra of elements with absorption edges under 10 keV. Two types of modified HDACs have now been relieved of this difficulty by providing clear XAFS spectra of the first row of transition metal elements and rare earth element aqueous solutions on the periodic table. These data can be used to study the metal or rare earth complexes in the ground?