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肾脏从循环血液中产生原尿,将体内蛋白质、氨基酸、电解质等再吸收以便再行利用。自50年代开始有超薄切片法以来,对肾的形态学了解有了飞跃发展,其后随着电镜的进展,以及细胞化学、免疫病理学技术的引入更出现了惊人的进步。由于场发射型扫描型电子显微镜与钌红、过六甲烯四胺银酸、胶状铁等细胞化学技术的标准化,应用酶与非酶系的标识法对肾小球滤过性的生化特点的研究,且由于生理学研究的进步,更提出了一些形态与机能相关的新观点。
The kidneys produce raw urine from the circulating blood, reabsorbing the body’s proteins, amino acids, electrolytes and so on for re-use. Since the beginning of the 1950s, there has been a great leap in morphological understanding of the kidney. Since then, advances in electron microscopy, as well as introduction of cytochemical and immunopathological techniques, have seen dramatic advances. Due to the field emission scanning electron microscopy and ruthenium red, hexamethylenetetramine silver, colloidal iron and other cytochemical techniques of standardization, the application of enzyme and non-enzymatic identification of glomerular filtration biochemical characteristics Research, and because of the progress of physiological research, but also put forward some new ideas related to morphology and function.