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为了研究粘虫不同危害程度下玉米“源库”变化特征规律、不同叶位叶片对籽粒贡献率以及虫害对玉米品质的影响。以玉米品种先玉335、郑单958、利民33为试验材料,利用去叶留叶脉的方法对灌浆期粘虫不同危害程度进行了模拟,结果表明,粘虫危害后造成“源”“库”关系变化,玉米灌浆期不同部位叶以“穗三叶”对玉米籽粒库的贡献率较大,3个品种“穗三叶”平均贡献率达48.08%,其次是“穗三叶”上部2片叶、再次为玉米顶三叶。相关分析表明,粘虫咬食后“源”的减少率与玉米单株生产力减少率呈显著或极显著的正相关关系,不同危害程度下,“穗三叶”以下叶片吃光(危害较轻)、整株剩顶5片叶(危害较重)、整株剩顶3片叶(危害严重)、整株叶片食完(危害特别严重)分别比对照(未咬食)降低4.22%,26.03%,39.26%,48.82%,粘虫咬食玉米减产幅度可达4.22%~48.82%。对梨树和农安两县市受粘虫危害的30个田间定位点统计,最高减产51.23%,平均减产20.83%,证明粘虫咬食对玉米产量影响较大。方差分析进一步证明,不同模拟处理、不同品种以及处理与品种交互作用均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。另外,粘虫危害可以影响玉米的商品品质,随着玉米源危害程度的加大,玉米籽粒中蛋白和淀粉含量比对照下降幅度较大,分别降低9.73%~15.91%和6.19%~11.11%,而脂肪含量变异相对较小。
In order to study the variation characteristics of corn “source ” under different degrees of damage to armyworm, the contribution of leaves at different leaf positions to grain and the impact of pest on corn quality were studied. The maize varieties Xian-yu 335, Zheng-luan 958 and Li-min 33 were used as experimental materials to simulate the different damage levels of armyworm during the filling stage by using the leaf-leaved leave-removing method. The results showed that after the damage, The results showed that the contribution rate of different parts of leaves to maize kernels in maize filling stage was larger than that in maize filling stage. The average contribution rate of three cultivars was 34.08% Is “Sui Clover ” 2 leaves on the top, once again for the corn top clover. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the reduction rate of “source” and the rate of decrease of productivity per plant of armyworms after eating bitten armyworms. Under different degrees of harm, the following leaves were eaten (Less damaging), 5 leaves of whole plant left top (more damaging), 3 leaves of whole plant left top (seriously damaging), and finished whole plant leaves (especially severe) 4.22%, 26.03%, 39.26% and 48.82% respectively. The reduction rate of armyworm biting corn was 4.22% ~ 48.82%. Statistics on the 30 field fixtures harmed by pear armyworms in the counties and cities of Pear and Nong’an showed that the highest yield was reduced by 51.23% and the average yield was 20.83%, demonstrating that the attack by armyworm insects had a greater impact on the yield of maize. Variance analysis further demonstrated that there were significant differences (P <0.01) between the different treatments, the different varieties and the interaction between treatments and breeds. In addition, the damage caused by armyworm may affect the quality of maize products. With the increase of the harm of maize sources, the protein and starch content in maize kernels decreased greatly by 9.73% -15.91% and 6.19% -11.11%, respectively, The variation of fat content is relatively small.