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转化生长因子(TGF)-β超家族信号通路不但调控胚胎发育、血管生成和伤口愈合等多种生理过程,也在细胞的增殖、分化、成熟和程序性死亡中起到重要的调控作用。此外,TGF-β超家族信号通路还参与调控软骨形成和软骨发育。Smad通过将TGF-β家族信号由细胞表面传递至细胞核来转导TGF-β家族信号。下文就Smad的分类、Smad传递TGF-β家族信号的机制、Smad信号对软骨形成的调控机制和Smad信号的负向调控作一综述。
Transforming growth factor (TGF) -β superfamily signaling pathway not only regulates many physiological processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis and wound healing, but also plays an important regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation and programmed cell death. In addition, the TGF-β superfamily signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of cartilage formation and cartilage development. Smad transduces TGF-β family signals by transmitting TGF-β family signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. The following Smad classification, Smad transmission of TGF-β family signaling mechanism, Smad signal on the regulation of cartilage formation and negative regulation of Smad signaling are reviewed.