近二三十年来 ,西方史学无论从理论上还是研究方法上都发生了迅速的甚至是根本性的变化 ,新的研究领域迅速拓展 ,旧有的观念被打破。这些变化也反映在汉学研究中。虽然对于美国学界来说 ,清代的满族与八旗制度是一个离他们的学术主流相距甚远的课题 ,加上语言等障碍 ,研究者不? In the past two decades or so, Western historiography has experienced rapid or even fundamental changes both in theory and in research methods. New fields of research have rapidly expanded and old concepts have been broken. These changes are also reflected in Sinological research. Although for the American academic circle, the Manchu and Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty were a far cry from their academic mainstreams, and with the help of language barriers, did the researchers not?