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目的:调查和比较厦门市与保定市母乳中微量元素(铅、镉、锌、铜、锰)含量,分析其影响因素。方法:2008年6~10月间采用简单随机方法抽取厦门市妇幼保健院和保定市妇幼保健院的产妇各200名,填写孕期健康影响因素调查问卷,对母乳中微量元素含量进行分析检测。结果:厦门市和保定市母乳中铅、镉、锌、铜、锰、汞中位数水平分别为7.98μg/L、0.43μg/L、7 163.00μg/L、614.75μg/L、23.81μg/L、2.18μg/L和4.42μg/L、0.26μg/L、6 341.00μg/L、450.25μg/L、27.93μg/L、1.92μg/L。除锰外,厦门市母亲初乳中铅、镉、锌、铜元素含量均显著高于保定市(P<0.01),z值分别为:铅-5.916,镉-4.507,锌-3.047,铜-6.105;保定市母乳中锰显著高于厦门市(z=-2.090,P<0.05)。应用多元Lo-gistic回归发现,产妇食用海鱼均进入了铅、汞、镉、锌、铜的回归方程;乳汁铅与孕期食用鸡蛋、海鱼及身高矮小有关;乳汁镉与食用海鱼多有关;乳汁汞与食用海鱼及蟹类多有关;近3年有过装修、食用海鱼多及阴道分娩乳汁锌含量高;乳汁铜与食用海鱼多、婴儿出生体重大、产妇身高矮小及婴儿出生身长短有关;锰则与家庭附近有污染厂,妊娠期间使用口红,食用豆类产品有关。结论:厦门和保定两市产妇初乳中各种微量元素含量存在差异,与饮食习惯和环境污染等因素有关。
Objective: To investigate and compare the contents of trace elements (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and manganese) in breast milk of Xiamen City and Baoding City and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: From June to October 2008, 200 maternal mothers in Xiamen MCH and Baoding Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were recruited by a simple randomized method. The questionnaire about the factors influencing health during pregnancy was filled in and the contents of trace elements in breast milk were analyzed. Results: The median levels of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, manganese and mercury in breast milk of Xiamen and Baoding were 7.98μg / L, 0.43μg / L, 7 163.00μg / L, 614.75μg / L and 23.81μg / L, 2.18μg / L and 4.42μg / L, 0.26μg / L, 6341.00μg / L, 450.25μg / L, 27.93μg / L and 1.92μg / L respectively. In addition to manganese, the contents of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper in colostrums of Xiamen mothers were significantly higher than that of Baoding (P <0.01), and the z values were: lead -5.916, cadmium -4.507, zinc -3.047, copper- 6.105; manganese in Baoding breast milk was significantly higher than Xiamen (z = -2.090, P <0.05). Multivariate Lo-gistic regression showed that maternal consumption of marine fish all entered regression equations of lead, mercury, cadmium, zinc and copper. Milk lead was related to edible eggs, marine fish and short stature during pregnancy. Cadmium in milk was mostly associated with eating marine fish. And the consumption of marine fish and crabs and more; over the past three years have been renovated, eating more marine fish and vaginal labor milk zinc content is high; milk copper and eating marine fish, babies born weight, maternal height and length of baby born; manganese It is related to polluting plants in the vicinity of the home, the use of lipsticks during pregnancy, and the consumption of legume products. Conclusion: The contents of trace elements in maternal colostrum in Xiamen and Baoding are different, which are related to dietary habits and environmental pollution.