文学的发生,本来是一种个人化审美活动的结果,它承载起文学以外的责任,大抵是后来的事情。在漫长的文学发展史上,人们经常会见到文学自由运行或文学被外力纽结着运行的两种情形,我们不妨把前者称为常态文学,而后者就可以被称之为非常态文学。这种称谓不含有褒贬,因为没有办法说清哪种文学更为高明。一般说来,非常态的文学因为文学以外的因素,诸如政治、经济、思潮、战争对文学的强烈影响,文学常常会有一个共同的话语主题。风起云涌之际,知识分子的精英意识受到鼓励,文学成为精神的象征,杰出的作家也往 The occurrence of literature, originally a result of a personalized aesthetic activities, it carries beyond the responsibility of literature, probably later. In the long history of literary development, people often encounter two kinds of situations in which literary freedom runs or literature is run by external forces. We may refer to the former as normal literature, while the latter can be called unconventional literature. This title does not contain any criticism because there is no way to say which literature is more sophisticated. In general, non-normal literature often has a common discourse theme because of factors other than literature, such as politics, economy, ideological trends and the war’s strong influence on literature. As the surging clouds of power flow, the elite consciousness of the intellectuals is encouraged and literature becomes the symbol of the spirit. Outstanding writers also go