本文论述了远缘杂交和多倍体化结合利用基因组间和多倍体杂种优势，开创水稻育种新途 径的策略。纵观水稻育种的历史，无论是常规杂交育种，还是杂交稻育种，其研究战略都是建立在有 性生殖和二倍体基础上的，归根结底，都是利用栽培稻同一基因组（Ａ基因组）内优良基因的重组以及 从野生稻向栽培稻引入少数优良基因。从作物进化趋势看，水稻是二倍体，基因组小、ＤＮＡ含量低、 染色体小，增加基因组数，提高倍性水平，利用异源多倍体杂种优势将是水稻育种新途径。针对同源 四倍体水稻结实率低的关键问题，可采取拉大亲缘关系距离、减少多价体形成，应用广亲和、无融合 生殖基因等措施，从遗传机理上提高多倍体水稻结实率。按三步实施战略；一、选用极端类型籼粳稻、 爪哇稻，诱导亚种间杂种多倍体；二、诱导亚洲栽培稻和非洲栽培稻以及非洲野生稻种间杂种多倍体； 三、诱导 ＡＡ基因组的栽培稻与其它不同基因组野生稻（ＢＢ、 ＣＣ、 ＢＢＣＣ、 ＣＣＤＤ、 ＤＤ、 ＥＥ、 ＦＦ、 ＧＧ、 ＨＨＪＪ）的种间多倍体。在实施过程中发挥一些特殊基因材料的特殊作用，如广亲和基因对于克服籼便 杂种一代不育性、特别是雌败育的作用，无融合生殖缺乏减数分裂发生和受精过程对于克服染色体配 对分离而导致的杂 This paper discusses the strategy of distant hybridization and polyploidization combined with heterosis among genomes and polyploid to create a new way of rice breeding. Throughout the history of rice breeding, whether it is conventional cross breeding or hybrid rice breeding, its research strategy is based on sexual reproduction and diploid based on, after all, are using the same genome of cultivated rice (A genome) Recombination of good genes, and introduction of a few good genes from wild rice to cultivated rice. From the perspective of crop evolution, rice is diploid, with small genomic DNA, low DNA content, small chromosomes, increased genomic numbers and increased ploidy levels. Utilizing heterologous polyploid heterosis will be a new way for rice breeding. Aiming at the key problem of low seed setting rate of autotetraploid rice, we can take the genetic distance to reduce the formation of multivalent, apply wide compatibility and apomixis genes to improve the genetic mechanism of polyploid rice rate. Thirdly, the strategy should be implemented in three steps. First, extreme types of Indica-Japonica rice and Javanese rice should be selected to induce polyploidy between hybrids. Second, polyploidy should be induced between Asian cultivated rice and African cultivated rice and wild rice in Africa. Third, AA polyploid between cultivated rice and other genomic wild rice (BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, DD, EE, FF, GG, HHJJ) In the implementation process to play a special role of some of the special genetic material, such as wide compatibility genes to overcome indica hybrid generations of sterility, especially the role of fecundity, apomixis lack of meiosis and fertilization process to overcome chromosome Paired separation caused by miscellaneous