历史学与社会学是两门不同的学科,一般说末,前者侧重于“历时性”(diachrony),后者侧重矛“共时性”(synchrony),前者主要是“叙述”(narrative),后者主要是“分析”(analysis),前者强调“作用”(agency),后者强调“结构”(structure)。而把这些互相对立的倾向“打通”“整合”,则是“社会史”学者面临的挑战和任务。美国 Historiography and sociology are two different disciplines. Generally speaking, the former focuses on “diachrony,” while the latter focuses on the “synchrony.” The former is mainly “narrative, The latter are mainly ”analysis,“ the former emphasizing ”agency“ and the latter emphasizing ”structure.“ And putting these ”opposite“ tendencies into ”integration“ and ”integration“ are the challenges and tasks facing ”social history" scholars. United States