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从近些年发生的SARS、高致病性禽流感等新现传染病的流行病学调查结果来看,动物与新现传染病密切相关。许多因素可以导致重要人兽共患病或新现人兽共患病的发生,如环境改变、人类和动物的密切接触、病原因子的变异、农业行为方式改变等。鼠类是多种病原体的储库,这些病原体会导致各种鼠传新现传染病的发生。与鼠类密切相关的新现传染病危害大,种类多,主要包括鼠疫、肾综合征出血热、钩端螺旋体病和莱姆病等。加强国内外合作,建立动物疾病监测网络,改变人类行为方式,维护生态平衡,是控制新现传染病的重要途径。
According to the epidemiological findings of newly emerging infectious diseases such as SARS and HPAI in recent years, animals are closely related to newly emerging infectious diseases. Many factors can lead to important zoonoses or emerging zoonoses, such as environmental changes, close contact between humans and animals, variation in pathogens, and changes in the behavior of agricultural practices. Rodents are reservoirs of a variety of pathogens that can lead to the occurrence of various infectious diseases in rats. Newly-associated infectious diseases closely related to rodents have great dangers and many kinds, mainly including plague, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, leptospirosis and Lyme disease. Strengthening domestic and foreign cooperation, establishing animal disease surveillance networks, changing human behavior and maintaining ecological balance are important ways to control newly emerging infectious diseases.