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目的探讨外科医生抑郁症状与职业紧张的关系。方法采用流行病学调查方法,用抑郁自评量表测评心理健康,使用职业紧张测量工具测量职业紧张因素、紧张缓解因素,调查年龄、性别、文化程度、医院等级、周平均工作时间等资料。数据分别用χ2检验、方差分析、逐步回归模型进行分析。结果肯定有抑郁症状者占49.0%,总平均得分为20.05±7.61,女性肯定有抑郁症状发生率高于男性,51～62岁组抑郁症状发生率高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肯定有抑郁症状者紧张因素中工作冲突(包括组间冲突、组内冲突)、技术利用、工作危险、工作前景、工作中角色(包括角色冲突、角色模糊)、物理环境和紧张缓解因素中忍耐性行为方式、工作心理控制源、社会支持(包括上级支持、家庭支持、同事支持)得分明显高于无抑郁症状者和可能有抑郁症状者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);提升机会、任务控制、竞争性行为方式、应付策略、自尊感得分明显低于无抑郁症状者和可能有抑郁症状者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工作角色、工作危险、工作前景、性别、行为方式、社会支持、周工作时间、物理环境、应付策略、工作单调性被引入回归方程。结论外科医生抑郁症状发生较为突出,人口学特征、职业紧张因素和缓解因素影响抑郁症状得分。
Objective To investigate the relationship between depression and occupational stress in surgeons. Methods Epidemiological survey method was used to evaluate mental health with depression self-rating scale. Occupational stress measurement tools were used to measure occupational stress factors, stress relieving factors, age, sex, educational level, hospital grade and weekly working hours. The data were analyzed by χ2 test, variance analysis and stepwise regression model. The results were affirmative in 49.0% of depression, with a mean score of 20.05 ± 7.61. The incidence of depressive symptoms was certainly higher in women than in men. The incidence of depressive symptoms in 51-62-year-old group was higher than that in other age groups (the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Confidence in work-related conflicts (including inter-group conflicts, intra-group conflicts), technology use, job risks, job prospects, job roles (including conflict of roles, role ambiguity), stress in the physical environment, (P <0.05); the chances of sexual behaviors, the sources of psychological control of work, social support (including superior support, family support, colleague support) were significantly higher than those without depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms (P <0.05) , Task control, competitive behavior, coping strategies, self-esteem scores were significantly lower than those without depressive symptoms and may have depressive symptoms, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Job roles, job risks, job prospects, gender, behavior patterns, social support, working hours, physical environment, coping strategies, and work monotony were introduced into the regression equation. Conclusions Surgeon depressive symptoms are more prominent, demographic characteristics, occupational stress factors and mitigating factors affect the scores of depressive symptoms.