目的　探讨胰管刷检标本 p5 3蛋白检测在胰腺癌诊断中的价值。 方法　应用免疫组化法检测 2 6例胰腺及壶腹疾病患者胰管刷检标本 p5 3蛋白的表达 ,并与常规细胞学检查作比较。 结果苏木精 伊红染色常规细胞学检查诊断胰腺癌的敏感性为 5 3% ,特异性为 10 0 % ,准确性为 70 %。胰管刷检标本 p5 3蛋白检测诊断胰腺癌的敏感性为 5 9% ,特异性为 10 0 % ,准确性为 74%。二者联合诊断胰腺癌的敏感性为 71% ,特异性为 10 0 % ,准确性为 81% ,与单项细胞学检查相比差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　胰管刷检标本细胞学检查的同时 ,进行 p5 3检测可提高胰腺癌的诊断率 ,有助于胰腺良、恶性疾病的鉴别。 Objective To investigate the value of p53 protein detection in the pancreatic duct brush examination in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods The expression of p53 protein in pancreatic duct brushing specimens of 26 patients with pancreatic and ampullary diseases was detected by immunohistochemistry and compared with routine cytological examination. Results The sensitivity of hematoxylin-eosin staining in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was 5 3%, specificity was 100%, and accuracy was 70%. The sensitivity of pancreatic ductal brushing p53 protein detection in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was 59%, specificity was 100%, and accuracy was 74%. The sensitivity of the combined diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was 71%, the specificity was 100%, and the accuracy was 81%. There was a significant difference compared with single cytology (P < 0.01). Conclusion At the same time with the cytology test of pancreatic duct brushing, the detection of p53 may increase the diagnostic rate of pancreatic cancer, which is helpful for the differentiation of benign and malignant pancreatic diseases.