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一、具有对称性的“H”多数有机物分子或分子中某一部分结构往往具有对称性,具有对称关系的碳上的氢具有相同的性质,是等效氢,它们的取代物的性质也是相同的。利用对称性的特点,可方便有机衍生物同分异构体的书写。常用的等效氢规律有:同一碳原子上的氢原于是等效的;同一碳原子所连甲基上的氢是等效的;处于镜面对称位置上的氢原子是等效的(相当于平面镜成像时物与像的关系)。
First, symmetry of the “H” of most organic molecules or molecules in a certain part of the structure tend to have symmetry, with a symmetrical relationship between the hydrogen on the carbon has the same properties, is the equivalent hydrogen, the nature of their substitutions are the same . The use of symmetry can facilitate the writing of isomers of organic derivatives. The commonly used equivalent hydrogen rule is that the hydrogen atoms on the same carbon atom are then equivalent; the hydrogen on the methyl group attached to the same carbon atom is equivalent; the hydrogen atoms in the mirror symmetrical position are equivalent (equivalent to The relationship between object and image in plane mirror imaging).