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目的分析三明市学校传染病疫情特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对三明市2005—2014年学校传染病疫情进行分析。结果 2005—2014年三明市各类学校共报告传染病28 867例,年均发病率627.22/10万,占全人群总发病数的26.6%。报告发病数前5位:流行性腮腺炎(8 686例)、手足口病(7 293例)、水痘(5 144例)、乙肝(2 300例)和风疹(1 082例)。病例以呼吸道传染病为主(60.1%)。性别比1.7∶1,病例主要在小学(39.2%)和托幼机构(37.6%)。发病高峰在3~6月和11~12月(56.3%)。10年共报告暴发疫情86起,其中呼吸道传染病占84.9%,消化道传染病占15.1%。结论应加强学校传染病防治,针对不同年龄学生,采取相应的综合防控措施,防止学校传染病暴发流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases in schools in Sanming City and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of school infectious diseases in Sanming City from 2005 to 2014. Results A total of 28 867 cases of communicable diseases were reported in Sanming schools from 2005 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 627.22 / 100 000, accounting for 26.6% of the total. The top five reported cases were mumps (8,686), hand-foot-mouth disease (7,293), chickenpox (5,144), hepatitis B (2,300) and rubella (1,082). Respiratory infections are the main cases (60.1%). The sex ratio was 1.7: 1. The cases were mainly in primary school (39.2%) and nurseries (37.6%). The peak incidence in 3 to June and 11 to December (56.3%). In the past 10 years, a total of 86 outbreaks were reported, of which 84.9% were respiratory infectious diseases and 15.1% were gastrointestinal infectious diseases. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in schools should be strengthened. For students of different ages, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools.