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以双边和复边贸易协定为表象的区域经济合作与一体化已经成为当代国际经济关系的主流形式之一。这种区域主义已经对以WTO为统领的多边主义提出了严重挑战,也要求各个贸易国家必须作出适当的选择,即在多大程度上应该去适应区域主义的发展。鉴于此,本文试图探讨国际贸易中的多边主义与双边主义的关系,以及中国面临的境遇和应该作出的战略性政策反应。本文认为,在制定和实施适当的政策前,中国作为贸易大国需要明确这种关系中的一些基本普遍问题和中国自身面对的特殊环境。本文首先梳理关于区域主义的种种概念和模式,其次揭示各贸易大国参与区域主义的动因,并在经济、组织和法律上澄清区域主义和多边主义的关系,在此基础上对中国如何基于国家的长期经济利益和地缘政治利益参与区域主义提出政策建议。
Regional economic cooperation and integration with the bilateral and trilateral multilateral trade agreements have become one of the mainstream forms of contemporary international economic relations. This kind of regionalism has posed serious challenges to multilateralism under the control of the WTO. It also requires that all trading nations must make the appropriate choice, that is, to what extent they should adapt to the development of regionalism. In view of this, this article attempts to explore the relationship between multilateralism and bilateralism in international trade as well as the situation China is facing and the strategic policy response it should make. This article argues that before formulating and implementing an appropriate policy, China, as a big trading nation, needs to clarify some of the basic general problems in such relations and the special circumstances China is facing. This paper first sorts out various concepts and models of regionalism. Second, it reveals the motivation of all major trading nations to participate in regionalism and clarifies the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism economically, organizationally and legally. On this basis, it analyzes how China is based on the state Long-term economic interests and geopolitical interests to participate in regionalism put forward policy recommendations.