单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)分型技术越来越成为法医学领域关注的热点,它在研究Y染色体或线粒体单倍型以及DNA表型的分析中具有重要应用价值。本文着重比较分析了SNP技术与片段长度多态性技术之间的优劣,同时就当前STR位点识别概率与所需选择的SNP位点数进行探讨。此外,本文还就各类SNP分型方法的优缺点及其法医学应用进行了论述。 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing technology is becoming a hot spot in the field of forensic medicine. It has important application in the research of Y chromosome or mitochondrial haplotype and DNA phenotype analysis. This article focuses on the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages between SNP technology and fragment length polymorphism, and discusses the current SNP locus recognition probability and the number of SNP loci to be selected. In addition, this article also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various SNP typing methods and their forensic applications.