美国经济学家罗伯特·赖克在《国家的作用》一书中,将当今的劳动力分为三种类型:从事大规模生产的劳动力、个人服务业劳动力以及解决问题的劳动力。按照传统的理解,从事大规模生产的劳动力和个人服务业劳动力是一线具体操作的工作人员,即为“蓝领”,而解决问题的劳动力是指管理和科技人员,即通常人们所说的“白 In his book, The Role of Nations, American economist Robert Reich divides today’s labor into three types: labor in mass production, labor in the labor force and workforce in problem solving. According to the traditional understanding, the labor force and the personal service labor force engaged in large-scale production are first-line-specific workers, that is, the “blue-collar workers.” The solution to the problem labor force refers to the management and scientific and technical personnel, that is, what people usually call "white