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非水溶剂Li-O_2电池因其高的理论能量密度,近年来备受关注。非水溶剂Li-O_2电池的典型结构为金属锂负极、含Li+的非水溶剂电解液和多孔氧气正极。目前,多数Li-O_2电池研究集中在正极的氧气电极反应;金属锂负极极强的还原性导致的副反应使Li-O_2电池中的化学和电化学反应变得更为复杂。因为,电解液和从正极扩散来的O_2都会与金属锂发生反应;锂负极上生成的副反应产物同样会扩散到正极一侧,干扰正极的O_2反应。此外,锂负极上可能生成锂枝晶,降低电池的安全性能,进而阻碍Li-O_2电池的实用化。因此,研究并解决锂负极的电化学稳定性和安全问题迫在眉睫。本文综述了近年来国内外在非水溶剂Li-O_2电池锂负极保护和修饰方面的最新研究进展,包括:可替代的对/参比电极的选择、电解液和添加剂、复合保护层与隔膜的研究、先进实验技术的开发与应用、并针对未来非水溶剂Li-O_2电池的发展进行了展望。
Due to its high theoretical energy density, non-aqueous Li-O 2 batteries have drawn much attention in recent years. The typical structure of non-aqueous Li-O 2 battery is lithium metal negative electrode, Li + -containing non-aqueous electrolyte and porous oxygen positive electrode. At present, most Li-O 2 batteries focus on the positive electrode oxygen electrode reaction; the side reactions caused by the extremely reducing reducibility of the lithium metal negative electrode make the chemical and electrochemical reactions in the Li-O 2 battery more complicated. Because the electrolyte and O 2 diffused from the positive electrode will react with metallic lithium, the side reaction products generated on the lithium negative electrode will also diffuse to the positive side and interfere with the positive O 2 reaction. In addition, lithium dendrites may be generated on the negative electrode to reduce the safety performance of the battery, thus hindering the practical use of the Li-O 2 battery. Therefore, it is urgent to research and solve the electrochemical stability and safety of lithium negative electrode. This review summarizes the latest research progress in the protection and modification of lithium negative electrodes in nonaqueous solvents Li-O 2 battery at home and abroad, including alternative electrode / reference electrode selection, electrolyte and additive, composite protective layer and separator Research, development and application of advanced experimental techniques, and prospects for the future development of non-aqueous Li-O 2 batteries.