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文章运用认知语义学和逻辑语义学等的相关理论或方法考察“防X”结构。其中X的语类多样,可以是N、V或A。出现频率上,防N>防V>防A。“防X”常在专门术语中做定语,修饰工具/材料成分。X的语义角色指派的优选等级是对象>内容>结果 >与事>时间。当X是N对象时,“防X”意即“提防N,防备被N所V”;当X是N结果时,“防X”意即“防止生成/变成N”;当X是V时,“防X”语义透明性最强,意即“防止被V”;当X是A时,“防X”常表示“防止变A”义,偶表“防止因A而V”义。虽然X的语类和语义角色多变,但“防X”都激活同一个复合事件框架——[致害/原因事件+结果事件],差别只是该复合事件框中哪一个子事件或子事件的哪一个参与角色在认知上更凸显。“防X”从动宾短语向支配式复合词词汇化的主要动因是高频使用;条件是X为单音节,且“防”既前无状语,又不后续近义词/类义词。
The article uses cognitive semantics and logical semantics and other related theories or methods to examine “anti-X ” structure. The linguistic categories of X are diverse and can be N, V or A. Occurrence frequency, anti-N> anti-V> anti-A. “Anti-X ” is often done in terms of attributive, modified tool / material composition. The preferred level of semantic role assignment for X is Object> Content> Results> Events> Time. When X is an N object, “prevent X ” means “guard against N, guard against N ”; when X is N result “prevent X ” means “prevent generation / When X is V, ”anti-X“ has the strongest semantic transparency, meaning ”prevent from being V“; when X is A, ”anti-X“ often means ” A “meaning, even table ” prevent A and V “righteousness. Although X’s linguistic and semantic roles are varied, ’anti-X’ activates the same composite event framework - [Kill / Cause Event + Result Event], except for which sub-event in the composite event box or Which participant role in the sub-event is more pronounced in cognition. ”Anti-X “ The main motivation for the verb-object phrase lexicon toward the dominant compound word is high frequency use; provided that X is a monosyllable, and ”anti-" has no previous verb and no subsequent synonyms / .