目的探讨农村男性留守儿童的心理行为和个性特征。方法使用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对研究对象进行心理调查。结果农村男性留守儿童心理健康状况较非留守儿童差,男性留守儿童出现行为问题占52.00%,男性非留守儿童出现行为问题占31.94%,差异有统计学意义。男性留守儿童行为问题因子分高于非留守儿童,不仅表现在外化性行为问题,如多动、违纪、攻击等,同时,内化性行为问题,如焦虑、抑郁、交往不良等也明显增高。男性留守儿童与非留守儿童在情绪稳定性方面存在显著差异,留守儿童在P分量表和E分量表、L分量表得分上与非留守儿童的得分差别无统计学意义,但在N分量表的得分上明显高于非留守儿童。结论男性留守儿童行为问题检出率高,应当引起重视。需要学校、家庭、社会共同参与留守儿童教育和监护,促进农村留守儿童心理健康。 Objective To explore the psychological behavior and personality characteristics of left-behind children in rural areas. Methods The Achenbach Children’s Behavior Scale (CBCL) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were used to investigate the subjects. Results The mental health status of left-behind children in rural areas was worse than that of non-left-behind children. There were 52.00% behavioral problems in left-behind children and 31.94% in non-left-behind children. The difference was statistically significant. Male left behind children behavior problems higher than non-left-behind children, not only in the performance of externalized behavior problems, such as hyperactivity, discipline, attacks, etc., while internalized sexual problems such as anxiety, depression, poor communication is also significantly higher. There was a significant difference in emotional stability between left-behind children and left-behind children. There was no significant difference in left-behind children’s score between left-behind children and non-left-behind children in P-score, E-score, Score significantly higher than non-left-behind children. Conclusion The detection rate of male left behind children behavior problems should be paid more attention. Schools, families and communities are required to participate in the education and guardianship of left-behind children and promote the mental health of left-behind children in rural areas.