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产业集群并不是现代社会的新生产物,马歇尔早在100多年前就发现,一些主要依赖工匠技能的特定产业部门在特定产业地区集聚,他将这种集聚区称为“产业区”。后来,经济学者们对产业集聚进行了不懈的努力与探索。随着经济发展水平的提高,特别是以人均GDP指标衡量的经济发展水平的提高,产业结构也从低级阶段向高级阶段演进。一方面,产业结构的变化是经济发展的结果;另一方面,又可以通过产业结构的调整促进经济的发展。
Industrial clusters were not a new product of modern society. Marshall discovered more than 100 years ago that some particular industries that mainly rely on artisan skills gather in specific industrial areas. He calls this gathering area “an industrial zone.” Later, economists made unremitting efforts and exploration on industrial agglomeration. With the improvement of economic development level, especially the level of economic development as measured by per capita GDP indicators, the industrial structure also evolves from the lower stage to the advanced stage. On the one hand, changes in industrial structure are the result of economic development; on the other hand, economic development can be promoted through the adjustment of industrial structure.