安·兰德(Ayn Rand)是20世纪美国最具影响力的哲学家、作家,其代表作中《自私的德性》,就集中体现了兰德关于理性利己主义的思想。兰德认为理性是人的最高美德。她不顾传统舆论的偏见,提倡个人主义。她与利他主义和自我牺牲的伦理学形成最为尖锐的对抗。兰德提出的“理性”是对“自私”的有效制衡,“自私”仅仅是一种姿态,“理性”才是兰德所要表达的真实含义。如果没有理性选择,个人主义就会成为非理性并且走向极端,从而变质并失去兰德所赋予它的重要价值。兰德的自私伦理学为我们打开了新的视野,使我们对自私的精神内涵有了更为深入的把握。 Ayn Rand, one of the most influential philosophers and writers in the 20th century in the United States, embodied his “selfish morality” in his masterpiece, which embodied Rand’s idea of ​​rational egoism. RAND believes that rationality is the highest virtue of man. She ignores the prejudices of traditional public opinion and advocates individualism. She forms the sharpest confrontation with altruism and self-sacrificing ethics. “Rationality” proposed by Rand is effective checks and balances on “selfishness”, “selfishness” is merely a gesture, and “rationalism” is the true meaning that RAND intends to express. Without rational choice, individualism becomes irrational and extremes, degenerating and losing the important value that Rand grants to it. Rand’s selfish ethics has opened up a new field of vision for us, giving us a deeper understanding of the spiritual content of selfishness.